Hip Replacement
Hip replacement surgery — medically known as total hip arthroplasty — is one of the most commonly performed and successful elective orthopaedic procedures worldwide. It involves removing the damaged surfaces of the hip joint and replacing them with artificial components, typically made from metal, ceramic, and high-grade polyethylene. The goal is to relieve pain, restore mobility, and improve quality of life for people whose hip joint has been severely damaged and is no longer functioning adequately.
Who needs it?
The most common reason for hip replacement is osteoarthritis — the gradual wearing away of the cartilage that cushions the hip joint — which leads to bone-on-bone contact, pain, stiffness, and progressive loss of mobility. Other indications include rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis (where the blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted), hip fractures (particularly in older adults), and congenital hip dysplasia that has led to secondary arthritis.
What the surgery involves
The procedure is carried out under general or spinal anaesthesia and typically takes one to two hours. The surgeon removes the damaged femoral head (the ball of the hip joint) and the worn cartilage from the acetabulum (the socket), then implants prosthetic components to reconstruct the joint. Modern implants are designed to last 15 to 25 years or more in many patients.
Recovery
Most patients are encouraged to stand and take a few steps as early as the day after surgery. Physiotherapy begins promptly to restore strength and range of motion. Many people are able to return home within two to four days and resume light activities within six weeks, though full recovery and return to sport or heavy activity may take three to six months. Walking aids are typically used in the early weeks.
Risks and considerations
As with any major surgery, hip replacement carries risks including infection, blood clots, dislocation of the new joint, leg length discrepancy, and, rarely, fracture around the implant. These risks are carefully weighed against the substantial functional benefits for the vast majority of patients.
Choosing where to be treated
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