ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) Conditions
Ear, nose, and throat medicine — known as otolaryngology — covers an extensive and diverse range of conditions affecting the head and neck. The ears, nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx are all closely interconnected anatomically and physiologically, and problems in one area frequently affect others. ENT conditions range from common, short-lived ailments such as tonsillitis and sinusitis to complex chronic conditions and cancers of the head and neck.
Ear conditions
The ear is divided into the outer, middle, and inner ear, each of which can be affected by different problems. Outer ear conditions include otitis externa (swimmer's ear) and earwax impaction. Middle ear problems include acute otitis media (common in children), glue ear (fluid behind the eardrum), and otosclerosis. Inner ear conditions include Ménière's disease, labyrinthitis, and age-related or noise-induced hearing loss.
Nasal and sinus conditions
The nose and sinuses are commonly affected by allergic rhinitis (hay fever), non-allergic rhinitis, sinusitis (acute and chronic), nasal polyps, and a deviated nasal septum. These conditions can cause significant symptoms including congestion, reduced sense of smell, facial pain and pressure, and postnasal drip.
Throat and voice conditions
ENT physicians manage tonsillitis and adenoid problems, pharyngitis, laryngitis, vocal cord nodules or polyps, and obstructive sleep apnoea (in conjunction with respiratory physicians). Head and neck cancers — including cancers of the larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, thyroid, and salivary glands — also fall within this specialty.
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